Subjection of flowable materials to high linear speeds and high centrifugal forces



Oct. 3, 1967 J. F. KOPCZYNSKI 3,

SUBJECTION OF FLOWABLE MATERIALS TO HIGH LINEAR SPEEDS AND HIGHCENTRIFUGAL FORCES Filed Oct. 14, 1963 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Oct. 3, 1967 J. F. KOPCZYNSKI SUBJECTIO N OF FLOWABLE MATERIALS TO HIGHLINE SPEEDS AND HIGH CENTRIFUGAL FORCES 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 141963 9. m 3 M NO. Y\.. 2 l M 5U 0 3 2 8 F 2 M w E n w 7 A @WS 5 2 L 3 29 a a w H i 9 2 f H y 3 v f I u q 2 h 7 3 w (3 1 1r 3 la v & 1 w; 1 W mmm 0\ 9 w m w WM n w w W m R O N E V m Oct. 3, 1967 J. F. KOPCZYNSKISUBJECTION OF FLOWABLE MATERIALS TO HIGH SPEEDS AND HIGH CENTRIFUGALFORCES Filed Oct. 14

O 3. 9 J. F. KOPCZYNSKI 3,344,984

} SUBJECTION OF FLOWABLE MATERIALS TO HIGH LINEAR SPEEDS AND HIGHGENTRIFUGAL FORCES 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Oct. 14 1963 CENTER LINES 'OFWAVE POCKETS IN VARIOUS PROGRESSIVE WA PA H VE T s POSITIONS ENERGYSPECIMENS (LIQUID) SOLID (BALL) BASE OUTSIDE I DIAMETER 0F TROUGH PATHROTARY TRACK INVENTOR.

Oct. 3, 1967 J. F. KOPCZYNSK! 3,344,984 SUBJEGTION 0F FLOWABLE MATERIALSTO HIGH LINEAR SPEEDS AND HIGH CENTRIFUGAL FORCES Filed 061;. 14, 1963 I5 Sheets-Sheet s mvEw-ron United States Patent SUBJECTIGN OF FLOWABLEMATERIALS TO HIGH LINEAR SPEEDS AND HIGH CEN- TRIFUGAL FORCES John F.Kopczynski, 1026 Sweeney St., North Tonawanda, N.Y. 14120 Filed Oct. 14,1963, Ser. No. 315,980 10 Claims. (Cl. 23321) This invention relates tothe subjection of different materials, and particularly flowablematerials, concurrently to very high travel speeds and high centrifugalforces in order to study any effects on the properties or compositionsof such materials due to such speeds and forces, all, if desired, withinone persons range of view, and without the necessity of operating theactuating means at such high speeds. By linear I mean along a selectedline. i

In my Patent No. 3,026,719 granted on Mar. 27, 1962, I have disclosed anapparatus for causing a body, such as a ball bearing, for example, totravel at ultra-high linear speeds along an endless loop track thatitself is moved only at a moderate speed. The present invention relatesto modifications and variations of such apparatus, and its method of useto ascertain the effects of such ultra-high linear speeds and highcentrifugal forces on various objects including flowable and fluidmaterials, such as upon gases, liquids and powders, and upon fluidsformed of a physical mixture of components that by themselves havedifferent densities.

An object of the invention is to provide improved apparatus and methodsfor subjecting specimens of various selected materials concurrently tovery high linear speeds and high centrifugal forces, and where suchforces may also vary in direction and amount during such linear travel,which enables one to observe any changes in the physical properties offlowable material due to very high linear speeds and high centrifugalforces, with which the centrifugal forces may be varied or caused tofluctuate somewhat, with which one may observe the tendency of liquidsformed of physical mixtures of different components that differindividually in density, to separate in layers according to theirdensities under the combined influence of ultra high-linear speeds andhigh centrifugal forces, and which will employ relatively simple andinexpensive apparatus.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following descriptionof some examples and uses of the invention, and the novel features willbe particularly pointed out in connection with the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

FIG. 1 is a plan of simple apparatus constructed in accordance with theinvention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation of the same, the section being takenapproximately along the line 22 of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2a is a sectional elevation of the runner in the same, the sectionbeing taken approximately along the line 2a2a of FIG. 1; a

FIG. 3 is another sectional elevation of the same, the section beingtaken approximately along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1, which is at rightangles to the section shown in FIG. 2;

FIG 4 is a sectional elevation of another speed ring, with the newroller therein, and which may be given gyratory movement according tothe means of FIG. 2 of my said patent;

FIG. 5 is .a sectional elevation of another embodiment of the invention,such as may be used advantageously with liquids formed of componentsthat separately are of different densities;

FIG. 6 is a plan of the same;

FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the device shown inFIG. 5, the section being taken approximately along the line 77 of FIG.8;

FIG. 8 is a plan of the device shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a sectional elevation of another device that may be used forliquids;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view illustrating steps with operation of theembodiment of the invention which is shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a transverse sectional elevation of another embodiment of theinvention for use with liquids made up of a mixture of components thatindividually have different densities; and

FIG. 12 is a sectional plan of the same, the section being takenapproximately along the line 12-12 of FIG. 11.

The invention of FIGS. 1-4 employs a hollow shell in which differentmaterials may be placed and rolled at ultra high speeds around anendless track where they are subjected to ultra high linear speeds andhigh centrifugal forces. In this particular example, the endless trackis reciprocated back and forth in a plane to cause the shell to rollalong the track. In FIGS. 5 and 6' a liquid composed of a physicalmixture of components that separately have different densities issubjected to very high linear speeds and high centrifugal forces toenable one to observe and compare the tendency of different mixtures tostratify and separate or decompose under such speed and forces. FIGS. 7and 8 illustrate a modi fication of the device shown in FIGS. 5 and 6,where the cyclic movement is caused by two eccentric propelling devices.FIGS. 9 and 10' illustrate the treatment of a body of loose liquid toimpart thereto high linear speeds and centrifugal forces, and FIGS. 11and 12 illustrate still another device for liquids made up of componentsof different densities.

Referring first to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 1-3, acage member 1 is mounted to reciprocate approximately horizontally in achannel 2 of a base 3, the member 1 having rails 4 on opposite .sidesthereof which are received in and are slidingly guided by grooves 5 inopposite side walls of the channel 2, and which support the member 1slightly above the bottom wall 6 of the channel 2. The base 3 rotatablymounts an upright shaft 6 which extends upwardly into a downwardlyopening recess 7 in the lower face of the member 1, where it terminatesin an eccentric cam pin 8 that rotates therewith. The recess -'7 iselongated in a direction crosswise of the direction of reciprocation ofmember 1, and a block 9 is guided by the sides of recess 7 forreciprocation back and forth in the recess 7 in directions crosswise ofthe direction of reciprocation of the member 1 in base 3. The pin 8 isrotatably received in the block 9, and as the shaft 6' rotates theeccentric pin 8 will shift the member 1 back and forth in the base 3.

The member 1 has a cavity 10 that opens upwardly through an open face11. The peripheral wall 12 of this cavity 10 has the shape of an endlessloop, preferably circular, and in cross-section is channel-shaped toserve as a track for guiding a rolling element 13. Preferably the trackin cross-section is approximately semi-circular, and the open face 11 issmaller in diameter than the maximum diameter of the track so that therewill be some over-hang for the track along the margin of the open face11 that keeps the rolling element 13 within the cavity 10. As the shaft6' rotates the member 1 will be reciprocated through a very smallamplitude or throw, determined by the throw of the eccentric pin 8, andthis will cause the rolling element 13 to start a linear rollingmovement along the peripheral wall 12. The element 13 will make onecomplete circuit along the wall 12 for each revolution 3 of theeccentric pin 8, and hence for any given speed of the shaft 6', thetravel speed of the element 13 along the wall 12 will be much higher.

The element 13 (FIG. 2a) is hollow and its chamber is divided bycircular and radial walls 14 into a plurality of compartments 15 and 16.The compartment 16 is approximately centrally of the element, and thecompartments 15 are arranged around the central compartment 16 so thatthey are eccentric to the axis of rolling of the element 13. Each ofsuch compartments is accessible through an individual opening in a faceof the element that is closed by a removable cover such as a screw plug17. Different materials may be placed in the compartments and subjectedto the high speed linear forces as well as centrifugal forces due to themovement of the element in a circular path. In addition, the material ineach compartment 15 will be subjected to further centrifugal forces dueto the rotation of the element 13 on its own axis, as it travels alongthe wall 12. The further centrifugal forces will, during part of arotation of element 13, be additive to the forces due to the translationalong wall 12 and partly negative when the additional centrifugal forcesare directed toward the center axis of wall 12. This results in a netcentrifugal force that varies in amount, to which the material inelement 13 is subjected.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 4, the member 1acorresponds functionally to member 1 of FIGS. l3, except that it isgiven a gyratory movement by the mechanism using two eccentrics as shownin FIG. 2 of my prior patent, and the ball 14 of the patent is replacedby the running element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2a.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6, theapparatus provides for treatment of a stream of liquid to very highlinear speeds and centrifugal forces, and particularly to streams ofliquid that are physical mixtures of components that separately havedifferent densities. For example fresh milk is a physical mixture ofcream and skim milk, and petroleum and water may be physically mixed yetseparately have different specific gravities or densities. Alcohol andwater can be physically mixed, yet they separately have differentspecific gravities or densities. Sea water is a physical mixture offresh water and various minerals, yet water and the minerals separatelyhave different densities or specific gravities.

Such apparatus employs a shell 18, somewhat flat, like a round pancakeand having a chamber 19 therein. In its upper face it has an opening 20that is normally closed by a cover 21, removably secured in closedposition by screws 22. A gasket 23, such as an O-ring, disposed in anannular groove in a peripheral wall of the cover engages with theperipheral wall of the opening 20 and effects a liquid tight sealbetween the cover and the shell 18.

An upright shaft 24 is rotatably supported in a bearing sleeve 25 andabove this sleeve the shaft carries a head 26 that rests on the upperend of the sleeve. The head 26 fixedly carries an upright post 27 whichis parallel to the axis of the shaft 24, but offset sidewise from theshaft axis to act as an eccentric cam pin. The upper and lower walls ofthe shell 18 have aligned bosses 28 and 29 which extend toward oneanother in the chamber 19. The bosses 28 and 29 have aligned passages 30and 31, each lined with a bearing sleeve 32, and the eccentric post 27extends through the sleeves 32. A screw 33 is threaded into the free orupper end of the post 27 and confines a disc 34 that overlies the upperend of the upper sleeve 30 against the free end of the post 27. The head26 of the shaft abuts against the lower end of the lower sleeve 32, andthis, with the screw 33 and disc 34, confines the shell 18 rotatably onthe post 27. A pantograph type linkage comprising the parallel links 35,35 and parallel links 36, 36 connected together at similar ends by aconnecting rod 37, with the free end of the links 35, 35 pivotallyconnected to the lower wall of the shell 18 and the free ends of thelinks 36, 36 pivotally connected to the base 24a provides a stabilizinglinkage by which the shell 18 is held from rotation while permitting itto gyrate under the action of the rotating eccentric post 27. The upperboss 28 terminates at its lower or inner end within the chamber in aflange 38 that extends radially nearly to, but stops in spaced relationto the peripheral wall 39 of the chamber 19, and is disposedapproximately midway between the top and bottom of the chamber 19. Theperipheral wall 39, in cross-section, is approximately semicircular.

The cover 21 is provided with an inlet port 40 to which a conduit 41 isconnected. This conduit has a flexible lead to follow the small gyratorymotion of the shell, and is connected to a source of liquid, underpressure, which is one of such physical mixtures of materials ofdifferent densities. The end wall 39 has an outlet port 42 to which isconnected a flexible conduit 43 that extends downwardly from the shell.The bottom wall of the shell 18 has ports 44, 45 and 46 arranged atdifferent radial distances from the peripheral wall 39 and these portsare connected respectively to flexible conduits 47, 48 and 49.

In operation, while the shaft 24 is rotating and eccentric post 27 iscausing bodily gyrations or movements of the shell 18, a liquid mixtureof components that separately have different densities or specificgravities is delivered under pressure from a suitable source through theconduit 41 into the interior of the gyrating shell 18, near the centerof such gyration and at the upper face of the partition or Wall 38. Thegyrations imparted to the liquid so introduced into the chamber 19 willtend to cause the liquid to swirl along the wall 39 at a very highlinear rate under the same forces that caused the element 13 to rollalong the peripheral wall in FIGS. l-4. The travel of the liquid at highspeed about the center of gyration of the shell 18 will result in highcentrifugal forces that tend to separate the components of the liquidaccording to their different separate densities or sepcific gravities inthe same manner that cream separates from milk in a cream separatorunder centrifugal forces. The heavier components will move toward thewall 39 and will be removed through conduit 43. The lighter componentswill remain near or move toward the center of gyration and form radiallystratified layers of components of different densities, and they areseparately removed through the conduits 47, 48 and 49. The wall 38 mayhave apertures 50 from face to face at different radial distances fromthe center of gyration to facilitate the Stratification with differentradially related layers having different densities or specificgravities.

In the embodiment of the invention which is illustrated in FIGS. 7 and8, the device is the same as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 except thatthere are two eccentric elements operatively connected for operationtogether for causing gyrations of the shell 51 that corresponds to shell18 of FIGS. 5 and 6. The two eccentric pins or cams 52 serve to preventrotation of the shell and limit its motion to one of gyration through avery small throw or amplitude of movement. Two upright shafts 53 and 54are rotatably mounted in a base 55 and operatively connected forrotation together. They are driven from a motive source, not shown, suchas in the manner shown in my said earlier patent. The upper end of eachshaft 53 and 54 carries a head 56, and each head carries one of theupright pins 52. Each of the pins 52 is eccentric to the axis of therotation of the shaft 53 or 54 on which it is mounted. The bottom wallof the shell 51 has two depending lugs 57, each with a downwardlyopening recess lined with a bearing sleeve 58. The eccentric pins 52 arerotatably received in these sleeves 58. A boss 59 depends from the underface of the cover 68 that corresponds generally to the cover 21 of FIGS.5 and 6, the cover being connected to the opening 61 in the top wall ofshell 51 in the manner described for the conection of cover 21 to v.3the shell 18 in FIGS. and '6. The lower end of the boss 59 carries aflange 62 that is parallel to the top and bottom walls of the shell 51,approximately between them, and extends nearly to but at its marginaledge is spaced from the peripheral wall 63 of the chamber of shell 51.It may also have a few apertures 64 from face to face and whichcorrespond in location and function to the apertures 50 of FIGS. 5 and6. The shell has liquid inlet and outlet ports and conduits whichcorrespond to those of shell 18 of FIGS. 4 and 5 and are correspondinglyidentified by the same numerals. The operation of this embodiment isbasically the same as described for the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6.

and is similarly gyrated except that the opening 66 in the upper face ofthe member is closed by a cover 67 which is detachably confined inclosed position over the opening 66 by screws 68. A ball or otherrolling or sliding object 69 is disposed in the chamber of the shell sothat when the shell is gyrated, as explained in my said patent, the ballor object 69 will tend to travel at ultrahigh linear speeds along theperipheral wall 70 of the chamber of the shell. However, a specimen 71of a flowable material, to be examined and studied, and which may be aliquid or powder, preferably only partially filling the chamber, is alsodisposed in the chamber of the shell 65, and when the shell is thengyrated or given a small, cyclic movement the flowable material 71 tendsto move bodily and linearly along the peripheral wall 70, but it is alsomechanically propelled linearly along such wall 70 by the ball or object69, and therefore a higher linear rate of travel of the flowablematerial along the wall 70 is obtained than might be obtained if theball or object 69 was not employed. This action is illustratedschematically in FIG. 10, where the liquid moves at a high speed as awave linearly along the wall 78, during which it is subjected to highcentrifugal forces due to its rapid rotary movement. It will be notedthat for the small amplitude of bodily travel of the member 65, as shownby the broken circular line 72 in FIG. 10, the ball and liquid will makeone complete circuit along wall 70, which greatly multiplies the linearspeed of ball and liquid. The outside diameter of the path of the member65 is shown by the broken line 73 and some of the successive wavepositions or paths o the liquid 71 are shown by the broken lines 74.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, abase 75 rotatably mounts an upright shaft 76, by means of a bearingliner sleeve 77, and this shaft has a head 78 which rests upon a flange79 at the top of the liner sleeve 77. The head 78 carries upon it, andupstanding therefrom, a pin 80 which is parallel to but offset from theaxis of the shaft 76 so as to act as an eccentric cam pin. A closedshell 81 is mounted on the eccentric pin 80 in the same manner thatshell 18 is mounted on eccentric pin 27 in FIG. 5. When the shaft 76 isrotated it will cause gyration of the shell 81 in the same manner thatrotation of shaft 24 in FIG. 5 caused gyrations of shell 18. In FIGS. 11and 12, however, the shell 81 has a flat under face which rests androtates upon a platform 82. The upper face of platform 82 is providedwith a plurality of annular and concentric, separate grooves or channels83, 84, and 85. The platform 82 is provided with a plurality of passages86, 87, and 88 leading to the channels 83, 84, and 85, respectively,each controlled by a valve 89 outside of the platform and there eachconnected to an individual flexible pipe 90. A plurality of smallsprings 91 are dispensed under compression between the upper face of thebase 75 and the under face of the platform 82 to press the platform 82against the under face of the shell or housing 81, and keep each of thechannels 83, 84 and 85 closed at its top by the under face of the shell.The springs 91 have their ends received in small recesses 92 in theplatform 82 and the base 75. Upstanding pins 93 fixed on the base 75 arereceived in downwardly opening recesses in the under face of platform 82to restrain the platform 82 from rotating with the shell 81. The outerperiphery 94- of the shell 81 is cylindrical and a plurality of rollersor guides 95 are arranged around the shell 81 to be engaged by the shellouter periphery as the shell gyrates, which absorbs or counteracts uponsome of the outward forces that act upon the shell and tend to enlargeits path of gyration.

The top of shell 81 has a large opening that is normally closed by acover 96, which is removably confined to the shell across such openingby screws 97. The bottom wall of the shell 81 has a plurality ofupstanding flanges 98 and 99 which are concentric to the axis of theeccentric pin '80, spaced apart radially therefrom and terminate inheight in spaced relation to the cover 96. The cover 96 has a flange 100that depends into the chamber of the shell 81 to a level just a littlebelow the upper edges of the flanges 98 and 99, which provides an up anddown zig-zag passage in the chamber of shell 81 in a direction radiallyof the chamber. The inner peripheral wall 101 has a port 102 openinginto a passage 103 in the shell that opens downwardly over the spaceabove the channel 83 of the plat-form so as to communicate with thatchannel. The channel is wide enough to remain in communication with thepassage 103 during gyration of the shell 81. The bottom wall of theshell 81 has a passage 104 therethrough between the flanges 98 and 99which opens downwardly into the channel 84 during all gyrations of shell81. The bottom wall of shell 81 also has another passage 105therethrough which opens downwardly into channel during all gyrations ofthe shell.

During operation of the device shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, a fluid, liquidor gaseous, which is a physical mixture of components, that separatelyhave different densities, is delivered from a source (not shown) underpressure to pipe or conduit leading to passage 88, from which it passesupwardly into the chamber of the shell 81 near its center. As the shellgyrates this fluid will tend to move outwardly in a radial direction andalso try to move at high linear speeds along the outer peripheral partof the chamber of shell 81. This fluid will fill the shell chamber andpass out through ports 102 and 104 into grooves or channels 83 and 84and then out through passages 86 and 87. An examination of the densitiesof the fluids delivered from conduit passages 86 and 87 with one anotherand with the ingoing fluid will indicate the extent to which anystratification according to densities of the component fluids resultedfrom the gyrations of the shell and the high linear speeds of the fluidsin the shell chamber. Selected operations of the valves 89 will aid inregulating the fluid flows, ingoing and outgoing in the passages 88, 86and 87.

The vertical overlapping or overrunning of the flanges 98, 99 andprevents too rapid a movement of the ingoing fluid toward the outerperipheral wall of the shell chamber. The fluid in passing radiallyoutwardly in the shell chamber will have to zig-zag back and forthvertically in such movement radially outwardly. The flange 100 is nearerthe flange 98 than it is to flange 99 so that inertia of the heavierpart of the fluid passing downwardly between flanges 98 and 100 will notdescend as far in the space between flanges 98 and 99 as the lighterpart of the fluid, which may aid in the tendency of the fluid componentsto separate according to the relative densities of such components. Theextent to which different fluid mixtures of components of separatelydifferent densities will separate or stratify according to densitiesunder the ultra-high linear speeds and centrifugal forces can be easilydemonstrated bythis apparatus.

In all of the illustrated examples of the invention, a flowable materialmay be subjected to ultra-high linear or physical translation speedsalong the track and very high centrifugal forces within ones field ofobservation,

without having the problem of lubrication of a high speed bearing orsubjecting a body that holds the material under test to centrifugalforces that might cause it to disintegrate or break apart, because themembers 1 and 1a of FIGS. 1-4, member 18 of FIGS. 5 and 6, member 51 ofFIGS. 7' and 8, and member 65 of FIGS. 9 and 10 need not themselves movebodily at a high speed, but can cause a high rotary speed of any objector material that is disposed in the chamber having the endless loop wallor track. With this invention one can study the effects of ultra highlinear speeds and centrifugal forces on different flowable materials,such as upon liquids that are composed of components that are separatelyor different densities or specific gravities and the tendency of thecomponents to stratify or separate from one another under such speedsand forces. One may subject powdered materials of different kinds, suchas different metal powders, to such speeds and forces to study theeffects on the tendency of such materials to bond together or formalloys. One may also study, with this invention, the effect on human andanimal blood of such high linear speeds and centrifugal forces andthereby anticipate the effects on blood in a human being or animal whentravelling in space under different conditions. If the apparatus used issubjected to different pressures or degrees of vacuum, the effect onblood of the speeds and forces under different atmospheric conditionscan be studied. One may also study the effect of high speeds and forceson different materials that may be used in space travel, in order todiscover any weaknesses in them that might make their use in spacetravel undesirable or dangerous, and also safely test materials forwear, tensile strength, ductility and density at forces up todisintegration or explosion points of the tested materials. The speedsand forces to which the specimens to be tested are subjected may behigher than heretofore possible because the units of larger diameters,even if vibrating or gyrating at only a fraction of an inch throw and ata moderate rate or speed, will cause objects or materials disposed inthe large tracks to have a planetary action and achieve very high linearspeeds determined by the speed of the eccentrics and the diameter of thepath of the object to that of the unit. The object or material is theonly part that moves or revolves at ultra-high speeds. By greatlyincreasing the diameter of the endless track, the speeds of the objectsor materials can be greatly increased.

With this invention one may imitate natures means of moving energyspecimens through the principle of waves, as illustrated, for example,in FIGS. 9 and 10. One may generate mechanical waves that move energyspecimens of liquids, solids or gases in a continuous line ofpropagation at ultra-high speeds and centrifugal forces. Many other useswill develop from time to time as a result of the uses hereinaboverecited.

It will be understood that various changes in and modifications of thesteps, details, materials, conditions, uses, and arrangements of parts,which have been herein described and illutrated in order to explain thenature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art withinthe principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. Apparatus for subjecting flowable materials concurrently toultra-high linear rotary speeds and high centrifugal forces, forenabling a study of any changes in the properties of such materials dueto such speed and forces, which comprises;

(a) a member,

(b) means for imparting to said member a regular,

repeated cyclic movement in a plane and for preventing spinning of saidmember,

(c) said member having an endless, closed loop channel, a center line ofwhich is aproximately all in one plane, facing inwardly of the path, and

(d) a rollable hollow body in which a specimen of said materials may beconfined eccentrically of the axis of rolling of said body and having arolling diameter which is only a small fraction of any distance acrossthe loop of said channel, confined in the 5 channel to roll freelytherealong, once around for each cycle of movement of said member,

(e) whereby said specimen confined in said body will be, during suchcyclic movements of said member with said rolling movement of said bodyalong said channel, subjected to ultra-high linear speed, and

10 ultra high and varying centrifugal forces due both to the rolling ofthe body along the track and also to additional centrifugal forcescreated by the additional rolling rotation of said body about its ownaxis of rotation.

2. Apparatus for subjecting fluids containing components that separatelyhave different densities, to ultrahigh linear speeds and highcentrifugal forces to enable a determination of the effect of suchspeeds and forces in causing any physical separation of said components,which comprises:

(a) a member having therein a closed chamber with opposed, spaced apartfaces, a peripheral wall connecting said faces and defining the outerperiphery of the chamber, and a partition between and spaced from saidfaces and extending from about the inner periphery of the chambertowards said peripheral wall, and with said peripheral wall defining apassage in said chamber from face to face of the partition adjacent tosaid peripheral wall,

(b) means acting on said member for imparting there to a repeated cyclicmovement in directions substantially in a common plane generallyparallel to said partition, with an amplitude less than a small fractionof any width across said chamber,

(c) a supply conduit connected to said member and opening into saidchamber toward one face of said partition near the inner margin of thepartition, by which a specimen of said fluids to be examined may bedelivered into said chamber during cyclic movements of said member, and

(d) a plurality of separate withdrawal conduits con nected to saidmember, one opening into said chamber close to said peripheral wall forwithdrawing fluid from said chamber close to said wall, and the othersopening into said chamber at different inter vals between saidperipheral wall and the inner periphery of said chamber, at the side ofsaid partition opposite from said supply conduit, for with drawingfluids from said chamber at different radial distances from the centerof said cyclic movement of said member,

(e) whereby, by comparison of the fluids withdrawn from said chamberthrough each of the different ones of said withdrawal conduits, theeffect of said high linear speeds and centrifugal forces on said fluidsin tending to separate said components thereof may be ascertained.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said 60 cyclic movementis gyratory.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said partition isapertured from face to face thereof in its interior face area.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said 65 cyclic movementis gyratory and said partition is aper tured from face to face thereofin its interior face area.

6. Apparatus for subjecting materials concurrently to ultra-high linearspeeds and high centrifugal forces for enabling a study of any changesin such materials that 70 may be due to such speeds and forces, whichcomprises:

(a) a member having an approximately horizontal, endless loop, trackfacing towards the central area thereof,

(b) means acting on said member for imparting to it a repeated, cyclicmovement in an approximately horizontal plane, with an amplitude lessthan a small fraction of any width between opposite sides of said track,and preventing spinning of said member,

(c) a body disposed on and rollable along said track repeatedly duringsaid cyclic movements of said memher and having a closed but openablechamber therein in which a specimen of said material may be confined,

(d) whereby a specimen of said material confined in said body androlling along said track at an ultrahigh speed Will be concurrentlysubjected to high centrifugal speeds due to travel of said body alongsaid endless track and to an additional centrifugal force due to theconcurrent rotation of said body about its own axis.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said chamber in said bodyis disposed eccentrically of the rolling axis of the body.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said cyclic movement isreciprocatory.

9. The method of subjecting a fluid containing a mixture of componentsthat separately have different densities, to ultra-high linear speedsand high centrifugal forces to enable a determination of the eifect ofsuch speeds and forces upon such fluid, which comprises:

(a) gyrating an approximately horizontal chamber with an endless,approximately circular, peripheral wall about a vertical axis with anamplitude of throw that is only a small fraction of the diameter of saidchamber,

(b) supplying a stream of said fluid under pressure into said gyratingchamber near its axis of gyration,

(c) withdrawing one portion of said stream of fluid from one zone ofsaid chamber close to said peripheral Wall, and

(d) withdrawing another portion of said fluid from a zone of saidchamber, between said one zone of withdrawal and the axis of gyration ofthe chamber,

(e) whereby the tendency of said components of different mixtures tostratify and separate according to their different densities, under theinfluence of both said high linear speed and centrifugal forces, may becompared.

10. The method of subjecting flowable materials to ultra-high linearspeeds and high centrifugal forces for the purposes of observing theeffect of such speeds and forces on the properties of such materials,which comprises:

(a) confining a specimen of said materials in a rollable body,

(1)) depositing said body with its contained specimen in an endless looptrack facing the interior of its loop and along which said body mayroll, and having its peripheral line of maximum distance acrossapproximately in one plane, and

(c) imparting to said track a small cyclic movement, less in extent thanany distance across said track, and in a plane parallel to said onetrack plane, that causes rolling of said body along said track, once foreach cycle of movement of said track and preventing spinning of saidtrack,

(d) whereby the specimen in said body will be subjected to a high linearspeed along said track and concurrently high centrifugal forces due tothe travel of the body along said track and also to the rotation of saidbody about its own rolling axis.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 489,201 1/1893 Peck 233-17506,609 10/1893 Seymour 233-5 529,662 11/1894 Naylor 233-21 703,6306/1905 Laird 233-17 X 791,703 6/1905 Laird 233-17 X 1,080,223 12/1913Latchem et a1. 233-17 X 2,809,020 10/1957 Magee et a1. 3,026,719 3/1962Kopczynski 73-88 3,092,582 6/1963 Lacker 233-22 X 3,159,999 12/1964 DeZubay et a1. 73-61 X FOREIGN PATENTS 1,195,462 5/ 1959 France.

HENRY T. KLINKSIEK, Primary Examiner.

1. APPARATUS FOR SUBJECTING FLOWABLE MATERIALS CONCURRENTLY TOULTRA-HIGH LINEAR ROTARY SPEEDS AND HIGH CENTRIFUGAL FORCES, FORENABLING A STUDY OF ANY CHANGES IN THE PROPERTIES OF SUCH MATERIALS DUETO SUCH SPEED AND FORCES, WHICH COMPRISES; (A) A MEMBER, (B) MEANS FORIMPARTING TO SAID MEMBER A REGULAR, REPEATED CYCLIC MOVEMENT IN A PLANEAND FOR PREVENTING SPINNING OF SAID MEMBER, (C) SAID MEMBER HAVING ANENDLESS, CLOSED LOOP CHANNEL, A CENTER LINE OF WHICH IS APPROXIMATELYALL IN ONE PLANE, FACING INWARDLY OF THE PATH, AND (D) A ROLLABLE HOLLOWBODY IN WHICH A SPECIMEN OF SAID MATERIALS MAY BE CONFINED ECCENTRICALLYOF THE AXIS OF ROLLING OF SAID BODY AND HAVING A ROLLING DIAMETER WHICHIS ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF ANY DISTANCE ACROSS THE LOOP OF SAIDCHANNEL, CONFINED IN THE CHANNEL TO ROLL FREELY THEREALONG, ONCE AROUNDFOR EACH CYCYLE OF MOVEMENT OF SAID MEMBER, (E) WHEREBY SAID SPECIMENCONFINED IN SAID BODY WILL BE, DURING SUCH CYCLIC MOVEMENTS OF SAIDMEMBER WITH SAID ROLLING MOVEMENT OF SAID BODY ALONG SAID CHANNEL,SUBJECTED TO ULTRA-HIGH LINEAR SPEED, AND ULTRA HIGH AND VARYINGCENTRIFUGAL FORCES DUE BOTH TO THE ROLLING OF THE BODY ALONG THE TRACKAND ALSO TO ADDITIONAL CENTRIFUGAL FORCES CREATED BY THE ADDITIONALROLLING ROTATION OF SAID BODY ABOUT ITS OWN AXIS OF ROTATION.